Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have become standard in many modern vehicles, offering enhanced safety through the use of sensors that gather data about the vehicle’s environment. These sensors are vital for alerting drivers to potential hazards and, in some cases, automatically controlling the vehicle's steering or braking. However, these systems can only function correctly if the sensors are properly calibrated, making ADAS calibration increasingly important in the automotive industry.
This guide will explain what ADAS calibration is, provide a thorough overview of the process, and discuss four common types of sensors that often require calibration.
What is ADAS Calibration?
To fully understand calibration, it’s crucial first to grasp what ADAS entails. ADAS, or Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, is a suite of technologies designed to improve driver safety by providing automated assistance. When a vehicle undergoes repairs after damage, the ADAS sensors need to be recalibrated to ensure they function as intended. This recalibration is essential for maintaining system accuracy and safety.
ADAS calibration involves the precise alignment, testing, and electronic adjustment of sensors that feed data to systems such as forward collision warning (FCW), lane departure warning (LDW), and automatic emergency braking (AEB). Recalibration ensures that these sensors are correctly aligned with the vehicle, enabling accurate data collection and system performance.
As AAA notes, even a slight misalignment—such as a sensor being off by a fraction of an inch or a degree—can significantly impact the accuracy of ADAS systems. Similarly, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) emphasizes that a minor misalignment could drastically reduce the effectiveness of systems like AEB.
In new vehicles, ADAS sensors are calibrated to factory specifications. However, over time, various factors—such as collisions, minor accidents, or routine maintenance—can cause these sensors to become misaligned. For example, vehicles with ADAS cameras mounted on the windshield will need recalibration after the windshield is replaced.
Unfortunately, not all ADAS sensors are equipped with self-diagnostics to alert the driver when they are out of calibration. This is why it’s crucial for automotive professionals to adhere to OEM standards for ADAS calibration to ensure these systems are working correctly.
Types of ADAS Calibration
Vehicles with ADAS may require static calibration, dynamic calibration, or a combination of both, depending on the system’s requirements and manufacturer recommendations. Each type of calibration involves different tools, equipment, and conditions.
Static ADAS Calibration
Static calibration is typically the initial step in the calibration process and is performed in a controlled environment while the vehicle remains stationary. This method involves using specialized tools to accurately set the angles of the sensors. For effective static calibration, the following conditions are usually necessary:
- A minimum open space of 30’ x 50’
- A leveled, finished floor
- Uniform, neutral-colored walls and floors
- Adjustable and consistent lighting
- Unobstructed space surrounding the vehicle
- Absence of reflective surfaces or direct sunlight on the windshield
Static ADAS Calibration Equipment
Several pieces of equipment are required for static calibration, including:
- ADAS Scan Tool: Necessary for accessing and initiating calibration procedures, as specified by most manufacturers.
- Alignment Rack: Some OEMs require the use of an alignment rack to ensure a flat, level surface.
- Calibration Tool: Used to position targets at precise distances from the vehicle.
- Aiming Targets: Depending on the vehicle, multiple targets may be used.
- Measuring Tapes or Laser Devices: Essential for taking precise measurements from the calibration tool to the targets.
While some static calibration procedures might require manual adjustments, final adjustments are typically performed electronically by the ADAS module.
Dynamic ADAS Calibration
Dynamic calibration involves driving the vehicle under specific conditions while it is connected to an ADAS scan tool. Unlike a standard test drive, dynamic calibration requires driving on clearly marked roads, following other vehicles, and maintaining specific speeds. The process can vary by manufacturer and may require two technicians—one to drive and the other to operate the scan tool.
4 Common ADAS Sensors That Require Calibration
Modern vehicles come equipped with various ADAS sensors, though not all of them require calibration. Below are four types of sensors that most often need to be calibrated and how to know they need to be:
- Steering Angle Sensors
These sensors detect the direction the steering wheel is turned. Proper calibration is necessary to achieve an accurate zero-point setting. Some systems can self-calibrate, while others require a scan tool or additional procedures. Calibration is typically needed after:
- Wheel alignment
- Steering or suspension repairs
- Structural repairs
- Airbag deployment
- Front-Facing Camera Sensors
Often mounted near the rearview mirror, these cameras detect vehicles, pedestrians, and obstacles in the vehicle’s path. Calibration is needed after:
- Airbag deployment
- Windshield replacement
- Vehicle alignment
- Suspension changes
- Collision repairs
- Forward Radar Sensors
Located in the front bumper or grille, these sensors monitor the distance to objects ahead. Calibration can be static, dynamic, or both, and is necessary after:
- Removal of the front bumper or grille
- Structural repairs to the front end
- Rear Radar Sensors
These sensors, located in the rear corners of the vehicle, monitor the distance to objects behind or beside the vehicle. Calibration is necessary after:
- Sensor or bracket replacement
- Damage to mounting locations
- Rear bumper removal or replacement
- Rear structural repairs
ADAS Calibration Solutions
ADAS calibration is a critical and complex process that ensures the proper functioning of a vehicle’s advanced safety systems. At O.E Auto Glass, we are industry leaders in ADAS calibration, offering specialized training and consulting services. We assist in establishing new ADAS Calibration Centers and provide a comprehensive solution that includes site design, technician certification, equipment, and ongoing support.
If you’re considering opening your own calibration center, we offer all the resources you need to get started. Learn more about the challenges and solutions related to implementing ADAS calibration systems.
ADAS Calibration FAQ
- What is ADAS calibration?
ADAS calibration involves adjusting the sensors and cameras in your vehicle’s safety systems to ensure they function correctly, particularly after repairs or replacements. - When should ADAS sensors be calibrated?
Calibration is necessary after major repairs, part replacements, collisions, or windshield replacements—any situation where sensor alignment may be affected. - Can vehicles be driven without ADAS calibration?
It is not advisable to drive with uncalibrated sensors, as this could lead to malfunctioning safety features and driving hazards. - What are the different types of ADAS calibration?
ADAS calibration includes static calibration, which is performed in a controlled environment, and dynamic calibration, which requires driving the vehicle under specific conditions.
This guide covers the essential aspects of ADAS calibration, highlighting its importance and the procedures involved. Understanding the nuances of ADAS calibration ensures that your vehicle's advanced safety systems operate accurately and reliably. Our team at O.E Auto Glass is here to help. Trust O.E Auto Glass to handle your ADAS calibration and get back on the road with your safety fully intact.
